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The Marchywka effect〔Pan, LS; Kania DR(1995). ("Diamond: Electronic Properties and Applications" ) p 43 (Springer) ISBN 0-7923-9524-7, ISBN 978-0-7923-9524-9〕〔Pearton,SJ(2000).("Wide Bandgap Semiconductors: Growth, Processing and Applications" ) pg. 525. (William Andrew Inc.); ISBN 0-8155-1439-5, ISBN 978-0-8155-1439-8〕 refers to electrochemical cleaning of diamond using an electric field induced with remote electrodes. ==Discovery and development== It was first observed by accident by Mike Marchywka〔(United States Patent Number 5269890 )〕 while trying to find a selective means to etch non-diamond carbon and fabricate simple astronomical UV detection devices.〔 ( full text ) 〕 These devices required a few specific features such as clean surfaces and patterned areas of non-diamond carbon but the approach has subsequently been explored as a more general means to terminate carbon surfaces and selectively clean and etch various other materials or structures. The term "Marchywka effect" is not used consistently and sometimes the term "bipolar surface treatment" is used〔Pleskov, YV "The Electrochemistry of Diamond" in Alkire, RC; Kolb, DM ed(2003). (Advances In Electrochemical Science and Engineering ) pg 224 (Wiley-VCH) .ISBN 3527302115, ISBN 978-3-527-30211-6〕 as the substrate is induced to become a bipolar electrode.〔 Various phrases such as "non-contacted electrochemical" process may also be used( see any references cited herein) or it may be mentioned as just an "electrochemical etch".〔 〕〔D'Evelyn MP "Surface Properties of Diamond" in Prelas,Popovici, Bigelow ed(1997). ( Handbook of Industrial Diamonds and Diamond Films ) (CRC Press) .ISBN 0824799941, ISBN 978-0-8247-9994-6〕 While this is easily confused with various common electrochemical cells, and may appear to be a trivial and obvious extension of well known methods, recent patents〔 continue to reference prior work〔 that cites non-contactedness as a feature. The use of a low conductivity medium as used in Marchywka et al.'s original paper〔 is sometimes noted when it is used and may produce new effects.〔 〕〔 〕 The apparatus to create the effect is similar to the well-known electroporation system except that the biological specimen is replaced with an inorganic substrate,〔 although, in some cases, organic films can be etched with this process using a surfactant solution as the electrolyte. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Marchywka effect」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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